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https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/18/arts/music/john-coltrane-centennial-spiritual-jazz
‘Spiritual Jazz’ Has Turned Cozy. John Coltrane Demanded More.
The term has lately become synonymous with sonic serenity (and chic merch). But the saxophone great challenged listeners with radical honesty.
By Hank Shteamer
“Offering,” a piece from “Expression,” the last album that John Coltrane conceived before his death in July 1967, begins like a balm. Over luminous piano chords from his wife and close collaborator, Alice, and a rustle of cymbals from the drummer Rashied Ali, the saxophonist plays a lilting, poignant line that feels as if it could drift on blissfully for hours.
The passage strongly recalls the opening of “Acknowledgement,” the lead track of “A Love Supreme,” his iconic album-length suite from 1965. But while “Acknowledgement” bloomed into something irresistibly propulsive, with a call-and-response melody and a finger-snapping bass vamp, “Offering” charts a course for the void.
After the three-minute mark, the piano drops out entirely, leaving Coltrane accompanied solely by Ali’s drums. Coltrane launches into a sonic whirl, spiraling out notes in an obsessive repeated gesture. His tone grows steadily more agitated, until he erupts into ragged, volcanic cries. The piece’s initial placidity eventually returns, but by that point, the listener has been led to a very different head space.
This progression from calm to turbulent and back recalls a statement Coltrane made in the liner notes to “A Love Supreme.” Framing the album as a “humble offering” to a higher power, he wrote, “May we never forget that in the sunshine of our lives, through the storm and after the rain — it is all with God — in all ways and forever.”
Coltrane, whose centennial birthday arrives on Sept. 23, was contextualizing one particular suite, but his words double as a kind of manifesto for a movement now known as spiritual jazz. A piece like “Offering,” which guides us from “the sunshine” then “through the storm and after the rain,” would seem like the perfect prototype. But during the past decade, as the term spiritual jazz has crystallized into a buzzword, listeners have been increasingly guided toward easy shortcuts and away from such demanding ascents.
If you frequent record stores, tastemaking music websites or streaming services, or even coffee shops or yoga studios, chances are good that you’ve seen the term “spiritual jazz” pop up. These days, it feels more like pedestrian ad copy than a useful musical descriptor, signifying some combination of sturdy grooves, joyous chants, vaguely exotic percussion and solos that gesture toward the ecstatic.
Perhaps you’ve heard the phrase dropped in reference to the scene orbiting the percussionist-producer Carlos Niño in Los Angeles, or noticed it emblazoned on chic hats and T-shirts. A broader proliferation of merch and ephemera has threatened to turn the hugely complex and influential Alice Coltrane, in particular, into a ready-made icon of sonic serenity and neo-New Age enlightenment. (“Keep honking!” a popular bumper sticker reads. “I’m Listening to Alice Coltrane’s 1971 Meteoric Sensation ‘Universal Consciousness.’”)
Though John Coltrane is universally acknowledged as the founder of this unofficial movement, his role is sometimes obscured in its latter-day pantheon. Part of this could be simply a matter of visual trappings: Coltrane died just before jazz entered its unofficial Age of Aquarius, epitomized by albums such as Alice’s “Journey in Satchidananda” and the saxophonist and Coltrane collaborator Pharoah Sanders’s “Karma,” the covers of which depicted these artists in the resplendent dress and posture of holy figures. (Coltrane in contrast was typically seen, even on his later, freer albums, wearing an unflashy suit.)
On Apple Music’s “Spiritual Jazz Essentials” playlist, for example, you have to scroll through 20 tracks, including selections by Sanders, Alice, and Albert Ayler, an acolyte of Coltrane’s who became a key influence on him, as well as Kamasi Washington — one of the most prominent contemporary spiritual-jazz avatars, along with the multi-instrumentalist Shabaka Hutchings — before you get to Coltrane’s own “Acknowledgement.”
The umbrella of spiritual jazz is broad, and many of the music’s less extreme incarnations past and present do convey deep gravitas: the spellbinding “Journey in Satchidananda,” for example, or “Perceive Its Beauty, Acknowledge Its Grace,” a 2024 release from the artist now known simply as Shabaka. But in recent years, as the term has been applied more loosely and reflexively, it often seems to connote a kind of elevated mood music, one that sets a vibe without asking too much of listeners.
“Picture yourself listening to this album in a combination coffee shop and bookstore,” a commenter wrote on the music website Bandcamp, annotating a release by a prominent contemporary outfit in the spiritual-jazz orbit. “You’re in a comfy chair with a book you’ve wanted to read for a long time. It’s perfect.”
One is not likely to get much cozy reading done while “Offering” is playing. Like Coltrane’s other more forbidding late works — including “Ascension”; “Sun Ship”; the monumental quadruple album “Live in Japan”; and “Interstellar Space,” a full duet session with Ali recorded the week after “Offering” — it is arresting, overwhelming and, clichés aside, undeniably spiritual.
The writer Andy Beta, who has written extensively on spiritual jazz and recently published “Cosmic Music,” a biography of Alice Coltrane, said in a video interview, “Those late Coltrane things, they resist assimilation in any sort of way.” He continued: “You can get to the gift shop and get the little smooth rock, but the mountain, with him, it’s like you have to climb the whole thing.”
The saxophonist Isaiah Collier is touring this year with a centennial-timed Coltrane tribute that evokes the full spectrum of the honoree’s output. In a video interview, Collier said that he valued the “radical honesty” inherent in Coltrane’s work.
“It’s kind of funny that people think that music’s supposed to just be this beautiful thing at all times,” he said. “But what makes music so beautiful is that it’s practical and that it’s relatable. You think nature’s just peaceful? You ain’t never heard of a hurricane?”
“This music is a reflection of one’s life experiences,” Collier added, “in particular the African American experience.” (Not typically one to make overt sociopolitical statements, Coltrane did, however, title a piece “Alabama” in the wake of the deadly 1963 Ku Klux Klan church bombing that killed four schoolgirls in Birmingham.)
The saxophonist Louie Belogenis has made a rigorous study of Coltrane’s late work, playing the material alongside Ali both in the ’90s-era ensemble Prima Materia and on an “Interstellar Space”-esque duo album, “Rings of Saturn.” In a phone interview, he also emphasized the sense of “trial and tribulation” inherent in Coltrane’s output.
“To me, his music is very life-affirming even as it becomes maybe more discordant and maybe harder to listen to from a perspective of, like, that you want a tranquil, drone-like, love-and-light sound in your background while you take a bubble bath,” he said.
As a longtime practicing Buddhist, Belogenis said he recognized the spiritual and intellectual rigor in Coltrane’s work. “There’s a famous mind-training slogan in the Buddhist tradition: ‘Bring all obstacles to the path,’” he said. “And you could see whatever Coltrane was doing — sometimes it’s musical theory, sometimes it’s technical, sometimes it might be personal — but you can hear it in his music: He’s bringing all the obstacles to the path.”
“He was always just going that one step further,” Belogenis added.
In a 1991 New York Times interview, the avant-garde guitarist Sonny Sharrock, who idolized Coltrane, said he aimed for a duality in his work, including that year’s “Ask the Ages,” an alternately ferocious and soothing — and clearly Coltrane-inspired — set featuring both Pharoah Sanders and Elvin Jones, Coltrane’s drummer before Ali.
“I’ve been trying to find a way for the terror and the beauty to live together in one song,” he said.
This coexistence, palpable throughout Coltrane’s late catalog, infuses various spiritual-jazz classics less conducive to playlisting or background listening: Ayler’s exuberant and explosive “Live in Greenwich Village”; Sanders’s “Izipho Zam” and Sharrock’s “Black Woman,” featuring swells of cathartic noise and stunning respective vocal turns from Leon Thomas and Linda Sharrock; and Alice Coltrane’s revelatory 1971 “Carnegie Hall Concert,” which includes epic, incendiary versions of two of her late husband’s pieces alongside a pair of hypnotic originals and complicates her latter-day image as a paragon of meditative chill.
(Two exemplary contemporary titles that evoke terror and beauty alike: Collier’s “The Almighty,” from 2024, and “Open the Gates,” a 2021 effort by Irreversible Entanglements, an all-star collective including the poet and sound artist Moor Mother and the bassist Luke Stewart.)
One key survivor from the original spiritual-jazz moment is the saxophonist Azar Lawrence, who worked with both Jones and the former Coltrane pianist McCoy Tyner after Coltrane’s death. In a phone interview, he looked back on classic sessions he’d taken part in, including Tyner’s “Enlightenment,” a live album from 1973, featuring marathon performances that embody all facets of post-Coltrane dynamism.
“I’m convinced that Coltrane was the pivot point,” he answered when asked what fueled him and his contemporaries to push their sound to the breaking point. Coltrane, he said, signaled to the musical community that such intensity of expression “was OK, and not only that — but that it was needed.”
Coltrane’s contemporaries clearly felt that he set a new benchmark for spiritual gravity in jazz. As his collaborator Archie Shepp told Beta in “Cosmic Music,” “Coltrane actually raised this music from the secular to an area of serious, religious world music. It was like being in church.”
The original stakes of spiritual jazz, it seems, were especially high.
In his “Love Supreme” liner notes, Coltrane had recalled an earlier “spiritual awakening” during which he “humbly asked to be given the means and privilege to make others happy through music.” Maybe this wasn’t so simple as soothing his listeners with the sunshine. Maybe they also needed to feel the storm.
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