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I want to respond to all of your issues, but just as a start, for everyone, here are two web sites that could help:
www.dol.gov (department of labor) www.eeoc.gov
Both of these sites have plain English descriptions of the various federal laws that are currently in place about a lot of different issues that are germane to your questions, like discrimination in hiring. I just took a look at them and didn't immediately run across anything that would be specific to your situation, but again, this is just a starting point and a good reference tool.
Remember that certain things are governed by federal law and certain things are governed by state law. If federal law exists about an issue then if there is inconsistent state law, the federal law will preempt the state law. If there is no federal law about the issue, and there is state law, then the state law governs. Some things, particularly with respect to private employers, are left to contract between individuals. A lot of states (mine included) have a system called "at will" employment. This basically means that you can quit at any time and the employer can't compel you to stay (because that would be involuntary servitude). It also means, but read carefully here, that the employer does not have an obligation to keep you on if your job is no longer necessary, if they're downsizing, if they've decided that you're the wrong person for the job, etc. That does NOT generally mean that anyone can be fired for a discriminatory reason (i.e., because for example the boss just figured out that you belong to a religion that s/he hates or because you testified on behalf of someone who brought a lawsuit against the company for discriminatory hiring/firing).
Now, this is just the general rule. Overlaid on that is the federal and any state law that governs not only what is considered to be a "discriminatory" reason for firing, but also what procedures have to be followed in court if a lawsuit is brought on the matter. Believe it or not, that can be the deciding factor. In a lot of instances (my recollection is rusty here, so bear with me as I generalize), the problem is that discrimination must be proved by the person claiming the discrimination. This is a hard burden to meet, unless there is some hard evidence (like memoranda written by your boss saying, "Let's fire epiphany because we never should have hired a _________" (fill in the blank with a protected class), or witnesses to your boss saying "I don't need a reason to fire you, I would just make one up." Even that's probably not good enough). Plus you have to have the hard evidence yourself, or you have to know that it exists, because the defendant isn't going to offer it up. So these can be very difficult cases, because the best information is held by the employer, not the employee.
That's getting off track. There are still a lot of issues out there. Like -- what do we mean when we use the phrase "free speech" or "freedom of expression"? What and who are regulated by anti-discrimination statutes? Who can raise a claim? Can you raise a claim on behalf of someone else? What is a hostile work environment? If you're not in a protected class, can you still bring an action to enforce federal statutes that were designed to protect a protected class? And probably most important of all -- how can anyone raise a sensitive issue without fearing for their job? I think that the bottom line is that you would like for your work space to be free from discriminatory and biased symbols so that everyone will be free to do their work without the distraction of someone else's bigotry. So the only reason to put this in the context of a lawsuit is as a means of describing what is/is not allowed by law and what it would take to enforce the law. As you know, I'm not advocating a lawsuit, for a whole host of reasons, but primarily because if something can be resolved without involving lawyers, it should be. Also, people who get involved in lawsuits find that their lives are changed forever (read "A Civil Action" as a good example of this).
One thing I don't know anything about at all is Colorado law. So I'm not going to be able to help there in the slightest.
More soon.
Peace.
~ ~ ~ All meetings end in separation All acquisition ends in dispersion All life ends in death - The Buddha
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Every hundred years, all new people
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