You have Leia with the plans on the Tantive IV and Vader chasing after her on the Devestator. I guess it could be hours, but gotta be the same day.

Vader went nuts at the end of Rogue One because he had to - at that point he was desperately trying to get to those plans before the Tantive IV got away from the Rebel capital ship that Vader had just incapacitated. (By the way, while everyone is gonna focus on how killer Vader was in that scene, that shot when the Devestator came out of hyperspace and just destroyed those ships before they could escape was NUTS.)

In ANH when Vader boards the Tantive IV to try to get the plans, at that point they already had that entire ship in custody. So there wasn't as much urgency. Only question is why did that imperial officer not want to fire on the escape pod with the droids on it just because they didn't see any life forms.

There really wasn't any point in the original trilogy with Vader that urgent in needing to get to something quick. He probably could of done it if needed, but it would take a good amount of energy out of him.

I like that in that last scene of Rogue One while going nuts, he wasn't physically jumping around or anything. He was still walking with a similar cadence to ANH. But his hands were quick with that saber and he was force throwing and choking like crazy.