https://www.naturalchild.org/articles/research/corporal_punishment.html

There is a chart based on surveys and it says that severe and extreme beating definitely provokes bad outcomes. However, it also says that never being spanked leads to a low proponent of achievement. But conversely, rare or moderate spanking leads to the most successful people surveyed and comes with a small chance you'll raise a delinquent but practically no chance you're raising a violent criminal.

Now, as the tally reads based on those surveyed, one could deduce that rare or moderate spanking (likely applied in a progressive discipline plan, but admittedly, this is me taking liberties) is the best approach to take to raise productive members of society.

Science? Science.

From the article:

"Taking part in this survey were: 200 psychologists who filled out anonymous questionnaires, 372 college students at the University of California, Davis and California State University at Fresno, 52 slow track underachievers at Richmond High School. Delinquents were interviewed by Dr. Ralph Welsh in Bridgeport, Connecticut and by Dr. Alan Button in Fresno, California. Prisoner information was by courtesy of Hobart Banks, M.S.W., counselor of difficult prisoners at San Quentin Penitentiary, San Quentin, California."