I would consider myself Asian American or Thai American.

The word oriental refers to objects not people. I'm not sure of the history of the word and how insulting it is. But just knowing that it is referred to objects and someone calling me oriental would make feel less of a person.

I would also say this is not a new phenomenon or just a recent discovery. As English becomes more and more common to Asians outside or within the states, self awareness and pride becomes easier to share with non-asians.

As far as who is Asian, this covers the middle east all the way to China. Of course, when you are talking about a large group of people with so many different complexions, religions, cultures, etc..., each group would like to be noticed for their differences. If you know the person's ethncity and can be specific, then do so.