by hundreds of years and is still evidenced by persistant Afro-Indian/Afro-Persian/Afro-Arab communities, though some more persistant than others--like the Siddis in India, but I've read conflicting things about their origins. I do know, whether they descend from merchants, slaves, or enslaved soldiers, that they were apart of an Indian Ocean trade complex that dealt heavily with slaves on a large scale up until the the late 19th century and then less heavily after that, but I don't know much else except that they exist.

the point though, is that there were more than just an "African" brand of slavery and a "European" brand of slavery. it ain't all Almina and Dahomey. the market for African slaves in the Ottoman Empire and on the Swahili coast killed and displaced just as many Africans as the Middle Passage.



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