The development of melody and harmony in western music is 1000+ years of increasing complexity and experimentation that shows up in all manner of genres, from classical to jazz to metal to pop.

Rhythmically, you really have to define what you mean by sophistication. Polyrhythms? Time signatures? Etc.

Technically? There are virtuosic jazz players, there are virtuosic classical players, there are virtuosic Nashville session cats. There's Art Tatum and there's Rachmaninoff. There's Pat Martino and there's Yngvie Malmsteen.